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Transformative Journeys: Travel and Culture in Song China, by Cong Ellen Zhang
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During the Song (960-1279), all educated Chinese men traveled frequently, journeying long distances to attend school and take civil service examinations. They crisscrossed the country to assume government posts, report back to the capital, and return home between assignments and to attend to family matters. Based on a wide array of texts, Transformative Journeys analyzes the impact of travel on this group of elite men and the places they visited.
In the first part of the book, Cong Ellen Zhang considers the practical aspects of travel during the Song in the context of state mobilization of and assistance to government travelers, including the infrastructure of waterways and highways, the bureaucratic procedures entailed in official travel, and the means of transport and types of lodging. The second part of the book focuses on elite activities on the road, especially the elaborate farewell banquets, welcoming ceremonies, and visits to famous places. Zhang argues convincingly that abundant travel experience became integral to Song elite identity and status, greatly strengthening the social and cultural coherence of the practitioners. In promoting their experience of traveling across a large empire, Song elite men firmly established their position as the country’s political, social, and cultural leaders. The literary compositions and physical traces they left behind also formed an overlapping web of collective memories, continually enhancing local pride and defining the place of various localities in the cultural geography of the country.
Transformative Journeys sheds new light on the nature of Chinese literati, their dominance of culture and society, and China’s social and cultural integration. Those interested in premodern China and travel literature will find a wealth of material previously unavailable to Western readers.
- Sales Rank: #2557118 in Books
- Published on: 2010-10-21
- Released on: 2010-10-21
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.00" w x 6.10" l, 1.40 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 328 pages
About the Author
Cong Ellen Zhang is assistant professor of history at the University of Virginia.
Most helpful customer reviews
12 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
Chinese travelers in the medieval period
By E. N. Anderson
This excellent book covers every imaginable aspect of travel in Song China (960-1279). Its only problem is the inevitable one that we have little evidence other than the records of highly literate officials. Few others were writing back then. The book therefore covers, especially, poetry and officialdom. To make up for it, Song writers were often compulsive beyond belief. One of the lead characters in this book, Lu You, boasted of having written more than eleven thousand poems. (He kept count.) Many of them concern travel. Therefore, many poems appear in this book, and they are usually beautiful and very ably translated. An interesting point is that most of the star characters here were leading moral philosophers as well as poets, and their views transformed a good deal of Chinese culture; it is therefore of some special interest to see what they made of endless travel to various new or different official posts--or to exile, since their outspoken and high-minded views were not popular with certain emperors.
Otherwise, the book covers everything you might want to know about Song travel. Means of travel included boats, sedan chairs, foot, horses, donkeys--the donkey being a symbol of humility. Inns could be private or public, luxurious or filthy and lice-infested. Safety could be compromised by bandits, storms, and wild beasts--one scholar awoke to find a tiger prowling around the flimsy hut he was inhabiting. (I know how it feels. I've had hippos and hyenas right outside the tent in Africa.) Compensations included rounds of parties for every leavetaking and returning--those Chinese poets drank a lot. There is surely exaggeration going on, but having been to countless Chinese parties, I can testify that they are not necessarily the height of sobriety. I wonder how the officials ever got any work done.
This is a wonderful book that throws a great deal of light on a previously understudied part of Chinese history. It is light on high theory, but all the better for that. It reflects life, and also the values of the scholars in question.
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